Lasers on the quay: smart docking in the Port of Antwerp-Bruges

Small shifts, big risk

Many of the port’s terminals are located along busy waterways. As Stefaan Ides, a research engineer at the port authority, explains:

– Passing vessels can cause moored ships to shift due to water displacement.

The consequences of such shifts can be serious.

– Even a two- or three-meter movement while a crane is lifting a container can create a hazardous situation. In extreme cases, a vessel might hit a gantry crane or cause a gangway to collapse – adds Mathias Van Laken, port service supervisor.

Shore Tension: active stabilization

One countermeasure is the Shore Tension system – a setup of hydraulic cylinders and additional mooring lines that dynamically stabilize a ship’s position. However, not all vessels are equipped with this system. For those that aren’t, the port authority continuously monitors their position, and the data is shared with pilots to help define safe speed-reduction zones.

GPS: a limited standard

Until recently, GPS units were the standard monitoring tool – powered by a car battery and carried in a large backpack.

– The full kit weighs between five and seven kilos and takes up to 30 minutes to set up – explains Maarten Callens, port supervisor. – Plus, GPS signals can drop out under gantry cranes.

The device had to be mounted at the ship’s highest point, requiring personnel to board the vessel. If a shift was detected, the system sent an automatic alert to port services.

Next-generation monitoring: LiDAR technology

In 2020, the Port of Antwerp-Bruges launched the Smart Docking Challenge, seeking a more effective monitoring system. The winning solution was based on LiDAR sensors – the same type used in automotive applications and infrastructure scanning.

– The device emits a laser pulse that reflects off the ship’s hull. Based on the return time, the system calculates the precise distance to the vessel – says Stefaan Ides.

This enables real-time monitoring of any movement. If a one-meter threshold is exceeded, port authorities are alerted immediately.

Simpler operation, greater safety

The new system is not only accurate but much easier to operate.

– You simply magnetically attach the unit to a quay bollard, aim it, and power it on – says Maarten Callens.

– We no longer need to board the vessel, which significantly improves control and enforcement procedures – adds Mathias Van Laken.

LiDAR units have already undergone trials across multiple locations in the port, and authorities are optimistic that they will soon fully replace the existing GPS-based systems.